Week Three: Cell Structure and Organization

Cell Structure and Organization

I.               Vocabulary

a.     Chemical basis for life –DNA, RNA, Proteins, Lipids, Sugars

b.     Ampiphilic – Dual nature

c.     N/C terminus – Free amino group is the N terminus, on the other side, the carboxyl group is the C terminus

d.     Metabolism – either catabolic or anabolic

e.     Catabolism – Degradative

f.      Anabolic – biosynthetic

II.             Life

a.     Reproduce

b.     Homeostasis

c.      Cells

                                               i.     Signaling

1.     Every hormone has one receptor

2.     Cells respond differently

3.     Two types

a.     Cell surface

                                                                                                     i.     Usually polar/amino acid hormone

b.     Steroid

                                                                                                     i.     Lipid like

                                                                                                    ii.     Crosses membranes

                                              ii.     Structure

1.     Organelles

a.     DNA

                                                                                                    i.     Nucleotides

b.     RNA

                                                                                                    i.     Nucleotides

c.      Proteins

                                                                                                    i.     Amino acids

                                                                                                    ii.     Polymers fold into defined structures

                                                                                                  iii.     Everything is made of or by proteins

1.     Cytoskeleton-crosslinked actin fibers

2.     Chromosomes-50%protein, H2a/b etc.

3.     Enzymes

a.     Catalysts, not directly involved

b.     Speed up reactions

c.      Work forwards and in reverse

4.     Regulatory

5.     Hormone receptors

d.     Lipids

                                                                                                    i.     Fatty acids

                                                                                                    ii.     Make up the membrane

1.     Long chain carbons

a.     Non-polar

2.     Phosphorus head group

a.     Polar

3.     Both make up the phospholipid bilayer

a.     50% proteins for channels and selective permeability

e.     Carbohydrates

                                                                                                    i.     Sugars